The evolution of intelligence
Jun 2nd 2005
Greg Cochran
THE idea that some ethnic groups may, on average, be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran, (a noted scientific iconoclast), is prepared 第1題答案為B to say it anyway. He is that rare 第2題答案為D bird, a scientist who works independently of 第3題答案為A any institution. He helped popularise the idea that some diseases not previously 第4題答案為C thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested. And more controversially still, he has suggested that homosexuality is caused by an infection.
Even 第5題答案為C he, however, might tremble at the thought第6題答案為A of what he is about to do. Together with Jason Hardy and Henry Harpending, of the University of Utah, he is publishing, in a forthcoming edition of the Journal of Biosocial Science, a paper which not only suggests第7題答案為B that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question 第8題答案為D are Ashkenazi Jews. The process is natural selection.
Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 第9題答案為B 12-15 points above the mean 第10題答案為C value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately 第11題答案為B to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers 第12題答案為D of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm 第13題答案為A. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as Tay-Sachs and breast cancer. These facts, however 第14題答案為C, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been put down 第15題答案為D to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing 第16題答案為D education. The latter was seen as a consequence 第17題答案為C of genetic isolation. Even now, Ashkenazim tend to marry among themselves. In the past they did so almost exclusively.
Dr Cochran, however, suspects that the intelligence and the diseases are intimately linked 第18題答案為A. His argument is that the unusual history of the Ashkenazim has subjected 第19題答案為B them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical 第20題答案為A state of affairs.
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