【解析】該題難度較大,需把句意弄懂,也就是“這30分是比…所多的”建議把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入空格處,A有前途的,B可能的,C必須的,D有幫助的,對(duì)比之后,只有C最合邏輯,也就是說(shuō)“這30分是比原本該考試所必須要求的多出來(lái)的,即另外多拿本不需要的30分才能平衡前面的更低的分?jǐn)?shù)”,故C為正確選項(xiàng).
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21.【答案】B (insensitivity to fashion)
【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)題干,首先定位到首段.由文章第一句后半句“…scoldsher unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.”意思是:“……批評(píng)她沒(méi)有魅力的助理,因?yàn)橹碚J(rèn)為高級(jí)時(shí)尚對(duì)她的生活影響不大”.可知criticize是對(duì)scolds的同義替換,B項(xiàng)中的“insensitivity to fashion”是“imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.”的同義替換.所以B項(xiàng)為正確答案.
A項(xiàng)在文中并未提及,屬于無(wú)中生有.C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)是對(duì)文章第一句的曲解.
22.【答案】D (shop for their garments more frequently)
【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)題干,首先定位到第二段.由倒數(shù)第二句“these labels encouragestyle-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable, ……, and to renew their wardrobeevery few weeks.”意思是“這些商標(biāo)(暢銷(xiāo)商標(biāo))促使有時(shí)尚意識(shí)的消費(fèi)者將服裝看成是用完就可以丟棄的,……,并且每周更新他們的衣櫥.”D選項(xiàng) “shop for their garments morefrequently”的意思是醫(yī)學(xué)全在線(xiàn)www.med126.com“更加頻繁地購(gòu)買(mǎi)服裝”,正好是“renew their wardrobe every few weeks”的同義替換.
A,B,C項(xiàng)均屬于無(wú)中生有項(xiàng).
23.【答案】A (accusation)
【解析】詞義題.題干中需要猜測(cè)詞義的單詞出現(xiàn)在第二段的第一句“……thefeverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of ‘fast fashion’”.再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,“indictment”是ElizabethCline對(duì)“快時(shí)尚”的一種態(tài)度.因此,解答此題的關(guān)鍵在于聯(lián)系上下文語(yǔ)境,找到Elizabeth Cline對(duì)“快時(shí)尚”的態(tài)度.由第二段最后一句“By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, thesebrands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to aseasonal pace.”,意思是“Cline說(shuō),通過(guò)以特別低的價(jià)格銷(xiāo)售潮流物品,這些品牌破壞了潮流周期,動(dòng)搖了這個(gè)長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)習(xí)慣于季節(jié)周期的產(chǎn)業(yè)”.由“hijack”和“shaking”可知,Cline對(duì)“快時(shí)尚”應(yīng)該是持否定態(tài)度的,所以選項(xiàng)A“accusation (譴責(zé))”是正確選項(xiàng).
24.【答案】D (pricing is vital to environmental-friendlypurchasing)
【解析】推理判斷題.根據(jù)題干,可定位到最后一段.解題關(guān)鍵在于“Vanity is a constant; peoplewill only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to”,意思是“每個(gè)人都很虛榮,這很常見(jiàn).但消費(fèi)者付不起太多東西的時(shí)候,他們才會(huì)以更加可持續(xù)的方式去購(gòu)物.”這句的關(guān)鍵詞是“afford”和“shopmore sustainably”,對(duì)應(yīng)于D項(xiàng)中的“pricing”和“environmental-friendly purchasing”.A項(xiàng)對(duì)于本段的曲解.B項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是“忽視環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展”,與文中“severalfast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and theenvironment…”(一些時(shí)尚服飾公司已經(jīng)做出努力減少對(duì)勞動(dòng)力和環(huán)境)意思相悖.C項(xiàng)文中未提及.
25.【答案】C (criticism of thefast-fashion industry)
【解析】主旨大意題.此題考查對(duì)全文主旨大意的準(zhǔn)確歸納.從整個(gè)文章脈絡(luò)來(lái)看,文章的第一段用事例引入,第二段講到文章的主題“快時(shí)尚”,并指出它破壞了時(shí)尚周期,動(dòng)搖了時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè).第三四段指出“快時(shí)尚”這種變革的弊端,比如:給自然資源造成壓力、使用大量有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)、浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象.最后兩段提到針對(duì)“快時(shí)尚”的不良影響,可以采取的解決辦法.由此可知,C項(xiàng)統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文,為正確答案.
A, B,D項(xiàng)都不是文章所論述的中心主題.
Text 2
26.【答案】C (lower their operational costs)
【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)題干,首先定位到首段.這段的大意是廣告經(jīng)費(fèi)的一半都浪費(fèi)掉了,但是通過(guò)“behavioralads”可以追蹤購(gòu)買(mǎi)者的搜索習(xí)慣和評(píng)價(jià),使得廣告更有針對(duì)性,從而降低預(yù)算成本,也就是“this fraction can be much reduced”. A、B和C選項(xiàng)文中并未提及,屬于無(wú)中生有.
27.【答案】D (internet browser developers)
【解析】詞義句意題.the industry在語(yǔ)篇中是指代前面的出現(xiàn)內(nèi)容,而前面出現(xiàn)的Microsoft Internet Explorer,Apple’s Safair 和Google’s Chrome都是D選項(xiàng)中中的“Internet browser developers”. B和C選項(xiàng)文中并未提及,屬于無(wú)中生有.A選項(xiàng)并非本段中談?wù)摰暮诵?
28.【答案】A (will not benefit consumers)
【解析】推理判斷題.解題關(guān)鍵在于“… consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect informationabout their preferences”,也就是說(shuō),當(dāng)瀏覽器開(kāi)發(fā)者不能收集消費(fèi)者網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物傾向時(shí),消費(fèi)并不能從中受益.B、C和D選項(xiàng)文中并未提及,屬于無(wú)中生有.
29.【答案】B (DNT may not serve its intended purpose)
【解析】推理判斷題.根據(jù)題干,可以定位到第六段.解題關(guān)鍵在于理解本段的行文邏輯,即“unableto tell whether…or whether, some may ignore…”.也就是說(shuō)“由于不能辨別有些主體是真正反對(duì)行為廣告,也不能辨別它們支持微軟的做法,有些人甚至忽視DNT,繼續(xù)先前的做法.”可此可見(jiàn),B項(xiàng)符合題意.A、C和D選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在本段中均沒(méi)有提及.
30.【答案】C (skepticism)
【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題.根據(jù)題干,可以定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句,Brendon Lynch的博客中評(píng)論道:“我們認(rèn)為消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該有更大的自主權(quán)(或掌控權(quán))”.解題關(guān)鍵在于最后一句“Could it be really that simple?”,從中可明顯看出作者的懷疑態(tài)度.A項(xiàng)是“理解”,B項(xiàng)是“贊成”,D選項(xiàng)是“縱容”的意思.
Text 3
31.【答案】[B] our faith in science and technology
【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)出題的順序性原則,可回文定位到文章第一段.該段落共計(jì)兩句話(huà).第一句總體交代了過(guò)去人們對(duì)未來(lái)的暢想總體是積極,正面的(were largely positive).本題的正確答案就隱含在第二句話(huà)中.第二個(gè)句子實(shí)際上緊接著第一句話(huà),交代了積極暢想的原因在于“科學(xué)和技術(shù)能治愈人類(lèi)的一切疾病”,由此可確定本題的正確答案為B.選項(xiàng)A、D都錯(cuò)在因果倒置,“ lives of fulfillment”
以及“opportunity for all”都是科學(xué)、技術(shù)帶來(lái)的結(jié)果,并非原因.選項(xiàng)C屬于無(wú)中生有,本段并沒(méi)有提及任何與“ potential risks”相關(guān)內(nèi)容,故排除.
32. 【答案】[A] a sustained species
【解析】題干問(wèn)的是“瀕危物種名單(Red List)”意味著人類(lèi)怎么樣了?我們根據(jù)“IUCN”和“Red List”很容易定位到第三段.首段說(shuō)的是幾十年前至今人們對(duì)未來(lái)所持的態(tài)度,第二段出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折,表明目前人們對(duì)于未來(lái)的危機(jī)意識(shí)加重.第三段再次轉(zhuǎn)折,表示第二段中人們所持態(tài)度是錯(cuò)誤的,即“人類(lèi)未來(lái)不會(huì)有太大的生存危機(jī)”,并且在此段首句表明觀點(diǎn)后,用各種信息去論證和支持這一觀點(diǎn).“Red List”很顯然也是用來(lái)說(shuō)明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的,并且指出人類(lèi)這個(gè)物種是widely distributed,adaptable,currently increasing,說(shuō)的都是人類(lèi)進(jìn)化積極的一面.A選項(xiàng)說(shuō):瀕危物種名單意味著人類(lèi)是可以持久生存的物種,顯然是正確選項(xiàng).
33. 【答案】 [D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.
【解析】段落推斷題.由本題的題干可以鎖定本題的答案在文章的第五段. 該段首句為段落中心句,“與思考眼前的未來(lái)相比,對(duì)如此之長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間跨度進(jìn)行思考似乎更為容易”,反過(guò)來(lái)思考也就是說(shuō),眼前的未來(lái)更難思考,符合D選項(xiàng)含義“我們眼前的未來(lái)很難去設(shè)想”.A選項(xiàng)“Arc 幫助縮小了未來(lái)學(xué)研究的范圍”,該選項(xiàng)在文中出現(xiàn)在該段的最后一句話(huà)“這就是為什么我們可以發(fā)行Arc這樣一個(gè)致力于研究近期未來(lái)的全新出版物”,和題目含義有很大出入,故排除.B選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)為社會(huì)問(wèn)題提供了解決方法”,段中并未提到.C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)科幻小說(shuō)的興趣與日俱增”,該段中雖在第二句提到科幻小說(shuō)家,但并未提及對(duì)科幻小說(shuō)的興趣,故排除.正確答案為D項(xiàng)“Our immediate future is hard to conceive”.
34.【答案】[C] draw onour experience from the past
【解析】段落細(xì)節(jié)題.由本題的題干可以鎖定本題的答案在倒數(shù)第二自然段第二句,“As so often , the past holds the key to thefuture . ”此題就是考查對(duì)這句話(huà)的理解,“ 未來(lái)是掌握過(guò)去的關(guān)鍵.”由此確定正確答案為B.選項(xiàng)A 、C、D 與題干無(wú)關(guān),在原文中無(wú)直接體現(xiàn),也不能歸納得出,故排除 .
35.【答案】[C] TheEver-bright Prospects of Mankind
【解析】全文的主旨題.考查考生對(duì)全文主題的把握.通觀全文,我們可發(fā)現(xiàn)作者對(duì)未來(lái)是十分看好的,尤其在文章最后一段最后一句“But we are now knowledgeable enough to reducemany of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and toimprove the lot of those to come. ”作者直接借助這句話(huà)重申主題.由此,本題正確答案應(yīng)既包含“未來(lái)”醫(yī)學(xué)全在線(xiàn)www.med126.com,也應(yīng)能體現(xiàn)出作者對(duì)未來(lái)的態(tài)度.確定選項(xiàng)C為正確答案.選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)在無(wú)中生有,全文當(dāng)中對(duì)于未來(lái),并無(wú)體現(xiàn)出對(duì)于其的不確定;本文講的是人類(lèi)對(duì)于未來(lái)的看法,而不是講人類(lèi)的進(jìn)化史,因此B錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)過(guò)于籠統(tǒng),并未體現(xiàn)出作者的樂(lè)觀態(tài)度,因此不對(duì).
Text 4
36.【答案】 overstepped the authority offederal immigration law.
【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題.principles that federal lawsprecede state laws are noncontroversial are noncontroversial.說(shuō)明聯(lián)邦法律高于州的法律是無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯的.答案選項(xiàng)they“overstepped the authority offederal immigration law.”---他們(亞利桑那州的法案)逾越了聯(lián)邦法案.就是對(duì)文中這句話(huà)的反義改寫(xiě).Overstep 為同義替換原文中的intrude, authority 同義替換了privileged powers.
屬于同義置換.
37.【答案】States’ legitimate role in immigrationenforcement.州政府在移民[微博]法案實(shí)施中的合法地位.
【解析】第四段主要說(shuō)明了,州警察依然可以核實(shí)移民的法律地位.國(guó)會(huì)設(shè)想joint federal-state immigrationenforcement聯(lián)合實(shí)施移民法案.同時(shí),encourages state officers to share information andcooperate with federal colleagues.國(guó)會(huì)鼓勵(lì)州警察與聯(lián)邦同事分享信息以及相互合作.其他選項(xiàng)的withhold,independence,intervention文中也沒(méi)有提到.屬于過(guò)度推斷.
38.【答案】(Stood infavor of the states)
【解析】第五段最后一句:唯一的最主要的反對(duì)來(lái)自法官Antonino Scalia, 這個(gè)法官“defense” 是支持州的權(quán)利的,“going back to”可追溯到Alien and Sedition Acts,證明這個(gè)法案是支持州的權(quán)利的.
39.【答案】(outweightsthat held by the states.)
聯(lián)邦政府的權(quán)利大過(guò)州的實(shí)施權(quán)利
【解析】第六段The White House 認(rèn)為亞利桑那州的法律跟白宮的法律實(shí)施權(quán)利沖突.In effect后面表達(dá)的是重點(diǎn):如果這些州的法律跟它有沖突的話(huà),白宮聲明它有權(quán)利宣布其它州的法律無(wú)效.
40.【答案】(TheAdministration is dominant over immigration issues.)
(政府在移民問(wèn)題上占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位)
【解析】本段第一句話(huà),聯(lián)邦政府確實(shí)有一些exclusively(專(zhuān)門(mén)地)權(quán)利,比如控制居民以及邊界.這就暗示了移民問(wèn)題上,政府當(dāng)局是具有主導(dǎo)權(quán)利的.