方法?
從內(nèi)容上說，這一部分包括的內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)有以下幾個(gè)方面（敘述時(shí)，不一定按以下順序)：
① 研究對(duì)象? 是病人？健康人？還是動(dòng)物？哪一種動(dòng)物？研究對(duì)象的一般情況，如年齡、性別、診斷或特別群體、特別種屬，以及研究的地點(diǎn)等。研究組和對(duì)照組的對(duì)象均應(yīng)說明。
② 方法? 這里實(shí)際上包括研究的設(shè)計(jì)（說明是哪一類，如隨機(jī)分組、雙
盲、對(duì)照、多中心等)、所用的主要治療、干預(yù)或處理方法或技術(shù)名稱（如治療方法名稱或藥名、劑量、給藥途徑以及療程；實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查的方法名稱，如PCR、RT-PCR、HPLC、流式細(xì)胞儀等等，但一般不主張用縮略語(yǔ))、主要終點(diǎn)指標(biāo)(primary or main endpoint measure, 如死亡率、病死率、生存率、生存時(shí)間等等)。
這里經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)問題的是年齡的表示法。如果用單獨(dú)一句話表示年齡，一般不會(huì)錯(cuò)。如The mean age of the patients was 58 years (48-67 years). The patients' age ranged from 58 to 67 years (mean 58 years). The patients were in average 58 years old. 但如果不是用單獨(dú)一句話表示年齡，而說明年齡的詞語(yǔ)只是一句話里的一部分時(shí)，常常出現(xiàn)問題。如：
The patients aged 5.5-14 years old were divided into 2 groups.? aged和old有一個(gè)即可，不應(yīng)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)�？筛臑椋�
The patients aged 5.5-14 years were divided into 2 groups.或
The patients，5.5-14 years old，were divided into 2 groups.或
The patients 5.5-14 years of age were divided into 2 groups.又如：
The patients of mean age 58 years old in the treatment group received interferon alpha injection，也不妥，可改為：
The patients in the treatment group, mean age 58 years, received interferon alpha injection.
7-day postnatal male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=51) were used for study. 可改為：Seven-day old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=51) were used for study.方法部分的時(shí)態(tài)也要用一般過去時(shí)。
結(jié)果 ?
一般論文摘要中占篇幅較大的是這一部分。在這一段里介紹最主要的研究結(jié)果。時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)。一般不主張用圖表，可以介紹一些關(guān)鍵的數(shù)字。在摘要的結(jié)果部分描述結(jié)果時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)避免的一些情況：
The results of our study showed that …
It was shown that …
The present study showed that …? 等等。
因?yàn)榍懊嬗袀�(gè)小標(biāo)題Results，所以可以直接開始描述結(jié)果。
描述結(jié)果時(shí)最常遇到的問題是比較的句子。在組織句子時(shí)，應(yīng)力求簡(jiǎn)練，避免重復(fù)、羅列太多的數(shù)字或羅嗦。
The mean ALT of group 1 patients was significantly higher than that of group 2 and 3 patients (p<0.01). 這樣的描述是正確而流暢的，但改用下面的描述，則更簡(jiǎn)練： The mean ALT level was higher in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (p<0.01).
注意，than 后面要有與比較項(xiàng)目相應(yīng)的代詞，that或those。單數(shù)用that, 復(fù)數(shù)用those。但比較的句子也可以不用帶有than的句子，只用比較級(jí)，而后面用as compared to …。例如上面的句子：The mean ALT of group 1 patients was significantly higher as compared to group 2 and 3 (p<0.01). 這樣的句子可在用了若干個(gè)帶than的比較句子之后使用，換一個(gè)方式，免得太單調(diào)、重復(fù)。
國(guó)內(nèi)作者常常寫成如下句型：… and … of … group ... were …, …, respectively; … and … of … group ... were … and … These differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). 后面這句必要性不大，在前一句后附上P值即可。
下面是N Engl J Med一篇摘要中的結(jié)果部分：
Results The mortality rate was 30.8 percent in the placebo group and 24.7 cent in the drotrecogin alfa activated group. On the basis of the prospectively defined primary analysis, ment with drotrecogin alfa activated was associated with a reduction in the relative risk of death of 19.4 percent (95 percent confidence interval,6.6 to 30.5)and an absolute reduction in the risk of death of 6.1 percent (P=0.005).The incidence of serious bleeding was higher in the drotrecogin alfa activated group than in the placebo group (3.5 percent vs.2.0 percent, P=0.06).? 這樣的描述顯得簡(jiǎn)捷、清楚，可讀性強(qiáng)。
上一頁(yè) [1] [2] [3] 下一頁(yè)
