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 凡是能鼓舞人體正氣，使低下的功能恢復(fù)旺盛的叫補(bǔ)法；凡是能疏泄病邪，使亢進(jìn)的功能恢復(fù)正常的叫瀉法。它們都是通過(guò)刺激腧穴，激發(fā)經(jīng)氣來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)臟腑功能，達(dá)到陰陽(yáng)平衡的。
針刺補(bǔ)瀉效果的產(chǎn)生，主要取決于以下幾個(gè)方面：
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The method which is able to invigorate the body resistance and to strengthen the weakened physiological function is called reinforcing, while the other one which is able to eliminate the pathological functions of is known as reducing. The reinforcing and reducing for the regulation of the functions of Zang-Fu organs and the balance of Yin and Yang are achieved by stimulating the points to activate the Qi of meridians.
The effects of reinforcing or reducing mainly depend upon the following factors:
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⑴機(jī)體的機(jī)能狀態(tài)
在不同的病理狀態(tài)下，針刺可以產(chǎn)生不同的調(diào)節(jié)作用即補(bǔ)瀉效果。如當(dāng)機(jī)體處于虛脫狀態(tài)時(shí)，針刺可以起到回陽(yáng)固脫的作用，當(dāng)機(jī)體處于熱邪壅閉的情況下，針刺又起到泄熱啟閉的效果。針刺對(duì)機(jī)體的這種調(diào)節(jié)作用，與人體正氣的盛衰有著密切的關(guān)系，如機(jī)體正氣充盛，則經(jīng)氣易于激發(fā)，針刺的調(diào)節(jié)作用就顯著；若正氣不足，經(jīng)氣不易激發(fā)，則針刺的調(diào)節(jié)作用就較差。
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⑴The Functioned Conditions of the Patient
Under different pathological conditions, acupuncture may produce different regulating functions, either reinforcing or reducing. If an individual is in a collapse condition, acupuncture functions to rescue Yang from collapse; when an individual is under a condition of internal pathogenic heat, acupuncture functions to expel the heat. This dual regulating function is closely related to the defensive ability of human body. If it is vigorous, the meridian Qi is easy to be activated and the regulating function is good. On the contrary, if it is lowered, the meridian Qi is difficult to be excited and the regulating function is poor. 醫(yī)學(xué)全在線www.med126.com
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⑵腧穴特征
不同的腧穴在功能上具有相對(duì)的特異性，有些腧穴適宜補(bǔ)虛，有些腧穴適宜瀉實(shí)。如氣海、關(guān)元、命門、足三里、膏肓俞等穴，具有強(qiáng)壯作用，多用于虛損病證；而少商、十宣等穴具有清熱、啟閉的作用，多用于實(shí)熱病癥。
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⑵Therapeutic Properties of the Points
Acupuncture points have relative specificity as far as the therapeutic properties are concerned, some points tend to reinforce the body resistance, such as Qi-hai(CV6), Guangyuan(CV4), Mingmen(GV4), Zusanli(ST36), Gaohuang(BL43) etc, which are mainly applied for deficiency syndromes; and some points such as Shaoshang(LU11)and Shixuan(EX-UE11), which have the property of clearing away heat and promoting the resuscitation are employed often for excessive heat syndromes.
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⑶針刺手法
① 捻轉(zhuǎn)補(bǔ)瀉：此法是捻轉(zhuǎn)角度的大小和速度的快慢來(lái)區(qū)別補(bǔ)瀉，針下得氣后，捻轉(zhuǎn)角度小，用力輕，頻率慢，操作時(shí)間短者為補(bǔ)法。捻轉(zhuǎn)角度大，用力重，頻率快，操作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)者為瀉法。也有以左傳時(shí)即拇指向前的角度大，用力重者為補(bǔ)；右轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)即食指向前的角度大，用力重者為瀉。
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⑶Needling Methods
① Reinforcing or Reducing by Twirling and Rotating the Needle
The reinforcing and reducing of this kind can be differentiated by the amplitude and speed used. When the needle is inserted to a certain depth and the Qi arrives, rotating the needle gently and slowly with small amplitude for relatively a short period is called reinforcing, on the contrary, rotating the needle rapidly and heavily with large amplitude for relatively a long period is known as the reducing. It is also considered that rotating the needle with the thumb forward forcefully in large amplitude is reinforcing, while rotating the needle with the index finger forward forcefully in large amplitude is reducing.
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② 提插補(bǔ)瀉：此法是以提插時(shí)用力輕重和速度快慢來(lái)區(qū)分補(bǔ)瀉。針刺得氣后，提時(shí)用力較輕，速度較慢，而插時(shí)用力較重，速度較快為補(bǔ)法；提時(shí)用力較重，速度較快，而插時(shí)用力較輕，速度較慢為瀉法。
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② Reinforcing and Reducing by Lifting and Thrusting the Needle
In this method, the reinforcing and reducing can be differentiated by the force and speed used. After the needle is inserted to a given depth and the needling sensation appears, the reinforcing is obtained by lifting the needle gently and slowly, while thrusting the needle heavily and rapidly. The reducing is achieved by lifting the needle forcefully and rapidly while thrusting the needle gently and slowly.
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③ 徐疾補(bǔ)瀉：此法是以進(jìn)針、退針過(guò)程的快慢來(lái)區(qū)分補(bǔ)瀉。行補(bǔ)法時(shí)，進(jìn)針要慢，逐步進(jìn)針達(dá)到一定的深度，出針要快，迅速提至皮下，稍停片刻出針；行瀉法時(shí)，進(jìn)針要快，一次就插到所需的深度，出針要慢，逐步分層退出。
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③ The Reinforcing and Reducing Achieved by Rapid and slow Insertion and with-drawal of the Needle
This sort of reinforcing and reducing method is distinguished by the speed of insertion and withdrawal of the needle. During manipulations, the reinforcing method is conducted by inserting the needle to a given depth slowly and lifting it rapidly just beneath the skin, and a moment later withdraw it. The reducing is performed by inserting the needle rapidly to the given depth in one step and withdrawing it slowly in a few steps.
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④ 開(kāi)合補(bǔ)瀉：此法是以出針時(shí)是否按閉針孔來(lái)區(qū)分補(bǔ)瀉。補(bǔ)法時(shí)，出針較快，出針后立即按閉針孔，意在使真氣留存；行瀉法時(shí)，出針時(shí)右手持針搖大針孔，一面搖一面推出，出針后不閉針孔。
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④ The Reinforcing and Reducing Achieved by Keeping the Hole Open or Close
On withdrawing of the needle, pressing the needling hole quickly to close it and prevent the vital Qi from escaping is called reinforcing shaking the needle to enlarge the hole while withdrawing it, and keeping the hole open is known as reducing.
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⑤ 迎隨補(bǔ)瀉：此法是以經(jīng)脈循行的順逆來(lái)定補(bǔ)瀉，行補(bǔ)法，將針尖順經(jīng)而刺；行瀉法時(shí)，針尖要逆經(jīng)而刺。
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⑤ The Reinforcing and Reducing Achieved by the Direction the Needle Tip Pointing to
The needle tip pointing in the direction of the meridian is known as reinforcing, and the needle tip pointing against the meridian direction is considered as reducing.
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⑥ 呼吸補(bǔ)瀉：與病人呼氣時(shí)進(jìn)針，吸氣時(shí)出針為補(bǔ)法，吸氣是進(jìn)針，呼氣時(shí)出針為瀉法。
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⑥ The Reinforcing and Reducing Achieved by Means of Respiration
In the method, the reinforcing is achieved by inserting the needle when the patient breathes in and withdrawing the needle when the patient breathes out. The reducing is achieved in an opposite way.
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⑦ 平補(bǔ)平瀉：進(jìn)針得氣后均勻地提插，捻轉(zhuǎn)后即可出針。
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⑦ Even Reinforcing and Reducing Movement
When the needle is inserted into the point and the needling sensation appears, lift, thrust and rotate the needle evenly, then withdraw the needle. |
